Read Your Bible

Here is a picture of my Bible reading plan from this morning as I sat reading. It's kind of tiny and coffee stained, but it's what works for me to help me regularly read through the Bible. Almost weekly as I preach and teach others, I am encouraging them (you) to read your Bible, but sometimes I think people do not read because they simply do not have a workable plan. So I want to give you the basics of what I do, so that if you do not have a plan, you could at least start here.

1. Get a physical Bible. 

I am very easily distractable with electronics, and while I do have several Bible apps, for my regular daily reading, I sit down with a physical Bible, and it helps me focus.

If you do not have a good paper Bible, here are some links to ones I recommend. 

ESV Study Bible - This is a big dude with lots of info. It's the one I'm currently reading through.

CSB Study Bible - This version is little easier to read and it's currently my favorite to recommend to people who are non-readers.

Any simple reading Bible. If you need large print, there are lots of them available, just go to Amazon or Christianbook.com and you can find them. Invest in a good paper Bible it may help you.

2. Get a plan.

In the picture above you see that I have printed out plan with daily readings listed. It is a Bible in a year plan, but I do not use it that way. I just read the next chapter, and some days I read several chapters. It generally takes me 2-3 years to read through the whole Bible, then I print out a new plan and start over. I like marking off the reading and seeing my progress. I also have the same plan in my Bible app that I can read on my phone or tablet when I'm not home for a few days.

Here is a site to choose from a number of different plans. Bibleplan.org . You can start just reading a part of the Bible or get a whole Bible reading plan (which is what I really recommend). Most Bible apps also have plans, but again if you are easily distracted, you are probably better off having a paper copy as your primary reader.

3. Set aside some time

I do my daily reading in the morning when I get up. It's become really routine now. I generally spend 15 minutes reading the Bible and if I have time, I also read a devotional, pray, and spend time in Bible memory. Set aside 10-15 minutes at some point during the day to make it a habit and you will be able to read at least a chapter a day. I often still miss a couple days a week, but that's often because I'm in a group Bible study in the morning those days. 

Honestly, this will probably be the hardest thing for those who do not already do it. You have to commit to setting aside some time. If Bible reading is a priority (and it should be in your relationship with God) then you have to make time.

4. Take notes.

One of the things that has helped me focus, especially on some of the "boring" parts of scripture, is to write at least one note for every chapter I read. I do use a notes app on my phone for this, and yes it sometimes distracts me with other notifications. I would recommend a notebook and pen right alongside your Bible. Also, do not be scared to write in your Bible. Highlight, underline, and make notes for yourself. Use your Bible. Study your Bible. I use a pencil in my Bible to underline and take notes there too. Anything about the passage that strikes me, I write a note. Any thought that God brings to mind, I write a note. It keeps me engaged, and often God uses these lessons throughout my day to bring His word back to mind. 

So, if you don't have a plan, this could be a good starting point. God has spoken, and we can hear from Him daily. Let's read our Bible together.

What Plans Does God Have for You?

This morning in my daily Bible reading, I came across a very that most Christians have seen hanging on someone's wall at some point. It is Jeremiah 29:11, "I know the plans I have for you, declares the Lord, plans for your welfare and not for evil, to give you a future and a hope."

My question for you is what does this verse mean for us? Can we /  should we take this verse as a promise for us? If so, what kind of promise is it. 

I raise this question as a way of challenging you to think about how you interpret and apply scripture to your life, because if you have in mind when you read that verse or see it on someone's wall that God is promising you a long life, good family, and lots of good things, then you are misapplying and misusing the verse.

So let me take you through the verse and the passage to see what if any promises we can glean from the passage. 

First, we need to understand that Jeremiah 29 is written to a specific group of people at a specific time. Jeremiah is a prophet of God writing at the end of the independent kingdom of Judah about 600 years before Christ. They have already been captured by the large kingdom of Babylon and some of the people have been exiled over to Babylon, while some of the people remain in Jerusalem and Judea. Jeremiah is given this prophecy to both sets of people. In the first part of chapter 29, he is writing to the people in captivity and telling them that God has not abandoned them, and that they have a future and hope. This is a specific prophecy of future blessing in this world when they will be brought back to the land. In the second part of the chapter God warns the people who remain in Judah that if they resist and rebel against Babylon that they will be destroyed, so they should obey him and not rebel. They did rebel and they were destroyed. Likewise, the Jews in Babylon were returned to the land after a 70 year exile. So we see in this passage a prophecy of blessing and destruction, and we find out from later historical writings that these prophecies were fulfilled.
So one of the clear lessons that we can take from this passage is that God keeps His promises, both for blessing for those to whom He promised blessing, but also for cursing to those He promised cursing.

But are there any specific promises in this passaged for anyone besides the Jews that we should count on? Well, not exactly in this passage, but if we continue to read the context in the next couple of chapters, we see some promises for Israel that were not fulfilled in the immediate context of the people returning from Babylon 70 years later.

For instance, Jeremiah 31:33-39 says,
“This is the covenant I will make with the people of Israel
after that time,” declares the LORD.
“I will put my law in their minds 
and write it on their hearts. 
I will be their God,
and they will be my people. 
No longer will they teach their neighbor,
or say to one another, ‘Know the LORD,’
because they will all know me,
from the least of them to the greatest,”
declares the LORD.
“For I will forgive their wickedness
and will remember their sins no more.”
This is what the LORD says,
he who appoints the sun
to shine by day,
who decrees the moon and stars
to shine by night, 
who stirs up the sea 
so that its waves roar —
the LORD Almighty is his name: 
“Only if these decrees vanish from my sight,”
declares the LORD,
“will Israel ever cease
being a nation before me.” 
This is what the LORD says:
“Only if the heavens above can be measured 
and the foundations of the earth below be searched out
will I reject all the descendants of Israel
because of all they have done,”
declares the LORD.

“The days are coming,” declares the LORD, “when this city will be rebuilt for me from the Tower of Hananel to the Corner Gate. The measuring line will stretch from there straight to the hill of Gareb and then turn to Goah.

In context, this passage seems to be a continuation of the blessing talked about being promised in chapter 29. Since the eternal types of blessing did not seem to be fulfilled, we can and should look further out for what God has done and will do. 

Did God give a new covenant where His people wrote His law on the hearts of His people? Yes, we can say that in fact, that has happened through the work of Christ. His people are no longer just the physical descendants of Abraham, but all those who Christ has saved. Can we then claim some of the goodness of the promise in chapter 29 has already been fulfilled by what God does for those who trust Jesus? Yes if you are a Jesus follower.

Furthermore, we can also say that the promises of an everlasting kingdom of peace are promises that we can look forward to. We have repeated promises like this in the New Testament where the saints are to look forward to the eternal kingdom.

But I want to warn you about a couple of bad uses of this passage. One use would be to think that God is promising any current believers earthly blessing right now. The promised earthly blessings from Jeremiah 29:11 are not even fulfilled for the current generation of Jews living at that time. Yes, God does promise to bless them in Babylon if they submit to the leaders there and try to bless the kingdom, but they current generation not only did not have hope to be brought back to Judah, but were told to expect a delay of 70 years for fulfillment, so none of the original readers of the passage should have expected the kingdom to get fulfilled right then. And those physical fulfillments were for a specific group of faithful Jews who would get to come back to their homeland. That's not us.

In fact, what are we promised as far as physical blessing in this life? Well, if we look at various proverbs and consequences of living according to God's laws, then in general, we should be have better outcomes. Faithful, trustworthy, loving people generally have more stable families, better jobs, and make better neighbors. As we let the Holy Spirit write God's laws on our hearts, we should becoming more and more like Christ, so in some respects our lives and the lives of those around us should improve. 

But, what happened to Jesus in this world? He got killed. What does He promise will happen to us if we follow Him? Matthew 5:10-12 says, "Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Blessed are you when people insult you, persecute you and falsely say all kinds of evil against you because of me. Rejoice and be glad, because great is your reward in heaven, for in the same way they persecuted the prophets who were before you."

Many times in the New Testament, followers of Jesus are warned that they will face trouble and persecution simpy for following Him. Not only will our lives not necessarily be blessed, but in this life, we should expect trouble. Our hope, our blessing is not to be found in the things of this world. We were made and are being remade for the next world. 

So if you see Jeremiah 29:11 hanging on someone's wall. I want you to remember that the true fulfillment of those promises even for the Jews was not in some partially restored kingdom 70 years later or some blessing that you are hoping for next week, next year, or next decade. Rather the true plans God has for His children are much bigger and much longer than that.

A couple nights ago, Traci, Abigail and I watched a movie called, 
"I still believe," which is a story about Christian singer Jeremy Camp and his first wife Melissa. It tells the story of how Jeremy and Melissa met in college dated and even got engaged rather young. Very soon after they got engaged Melissa found out she had cancer, and they began to pray earnestly that she would be healed. Miraculously she was healed of all of her cancer right before going in for major surgery. They got married 6 months later, but on their honeymoon, Melissa found out the cancer had returned. Again they prayed for healing but the cancer was spread too far that they did not even go in for treatment. Right before she passed away, she declared the pain was gone and that God had healed her. Then she died.

She was right. God did heal her. In the most complete way. In a way that matched God's plan for her life. A plan that He has for all of those who love Him and are called according to His purpose. A plan for good and not evil. A plan for hope and an eternal future.

That's what I think of when I read Jeremiah 29:11, and I hope you will too.

Take Up Your Cross Daily

The Ancient Greek philosopher Socrates said that the unexamined life is not worth living, and that quote came to me the other day as I was considering the day-to-day actions in my own life. How often do I consider why I am doing this or that thing? The majority of our lives are filled with routine actions that we do automatically because that's the way I've always done it, that's the way others do it, or that's the way it's always been done. Now in one sense, this is good for us because it would be impossible to consider deeply every choice we have to make. We would end up being paralyzed by trying to figure out which cereal to choose for breakfast. But in another sense, if we never stop to consider what our lives are about and why we do things, we might very well end up doing things that are meaningless or even outright harmful, just because we want to or just because others are doing it.

In Jeremiah 7, God admonishes the Jewish people for engaging in very sinful behavior such as oppressing the poor and even sacrificing their own children in pagan religious practices. They were doing it while still worshipping at the temple in Jerusalem which was supposed to be Yahweh their God who had explicitly commanded them not to do these things. So how did they, over and over again, end up doing the opposite of what God had told them to do? They almost certainly did not intend to end up evil. Rather it started with ignoring God's Word and not spending time examining their lives in comparison to it. Day by day they would have just gone along with whatever happened and slowly but surely started to take on the practices of other nations around them. Furthermore, humans are naturally inclined to be selfish and not to care for others, so the less they examined their own lives, the more their lives would trend toward loving themselves and not loving others.

This is not just a problem for the ancient Jews, this is the problem of being human in a fallen world. This problem of moral decay is widely seen in our society today. Why do marriages and families fall apart? Why do kids not respect authority? Why are drug use and other crime rampant in many areas of our country? No one intends to end up as an addict, criminal, abuser, neglectful parent, or simply a depressed person who has trouble managing their own life. We take little steps day by day giving in to our desires and going along with the flow of society. If we never consider what our life or society is really about, we will simply start to waste away morally. 

Our character is formed or misformed in the little choices we make day by day, and if we intend to have good character we are going to have to stop and consider what actions are the right actions. Then we need to regularly remind ourselves of our commitment to do these right things. Jesus commanded His followers to "deny themselves, take up their cross daily, and follow me" (Luke 9:23) As a follower of Jesus, I need to daily make a commitment to Him and choose to sacrifice my own desires so that I can love Him and love others well. I need to regularly look to Jesus for His example, guidance, and strength to become the man I am supposed to be. Unfortunately, I also regularly fail to live up to that standard, but because He took up His cross, I can keep coming back day after day, and He keeps helping me. Therefore, we do not have to just accept the decay of the world around us. Rather, with Jesus' help every day, you and I can be renewed and be part of the renewing of the world.

The Bible Works

 

Last week, I got upset with someone, or more accurately, someone became upset with me, which "caused" me to become upset with them. I was feeling quite emotional at the time (I had knee surgery last week, so I was tired and sore), so I didn't handle my emotions very well, and I had to exit the conversation. After leaving, I began to reflect on some of the biblical principles of conflict resolution that I have often taught to others. Using these principles, I began to assess the situation and my emotions.

I realized that my identity needed to be grounded in what God says about me, and that my life and actions needed to begin with a willingness to glorify God (1 Corinthians 10:31), which is the first biblical principle of reconciliation I have learned. Then I needed to examine myself to see if I had a log in my eye, even though in my spirit, I wanted to remain resentful and blame the other person. In this reflection, I was able to recognize that I had sinned in my attitude and response. Before blaming the other person, I needed to repent to the Lord (1 John 1:9) and then ask the other person for forgiveness (Matt. 5:23). Therefore, it became clear to me that I had to seek reconciliation with my Christian friend (Romans 12:18). After a few minutes of more rational conversation and some apologies exchanged, we were reconciled. Our friendship was renewed, and we both learned more about reconciliation and how to love each other better.

Because I had specifically studied what the Bible had to say about repentance, forgiveness, and reconciliation, I knew what God wanted me to do in this type of situation. At that point, it was not a lack of knowledge but a decision of the will, whether I would obey or not, and whether I would truly trust that God knows best about how I should live my life.

God has laid out many truths in His Word about salvation, about what is right and wrong, about how we are created to live and love Him and others. When we know these truths, believe these truths, and act on these truths, our lives are better because, as our Creator, God knows best. Following His Word helps us have confidence in our eternal relationship with Jesus, have better marriages, be better parents, learn to honor our parents, be better citizens, be better friends, find and use our spiritual gifts, be more honest, be more humble, be better church members, be better employees, or students. In these and many other ways, if we spend time learning God's Word, then believe its truth and act upon it, we will be better humans.

If you don't believe me, I challenge you to read some of the Bible daily and find one truth to meditate upon, and then try to apply it in your life. Test God's Word and see if it contains both the big truths of life and eternity, but also truths that help you live from day to day.

Where stands it written?

 

"Var står det skrivet?" is the actual title of today's article, which, when translated from the original Swedish, means "Where is it written?" This was one of the common phrases from the Free Church movement in Europe and the United States. The meaning of the phrase is an encouragement to go back to scripture as the primary authority of our faith. Now, I could talk about a lot of different doctrinal controversies where this phrase might be used, but instead, I want to describe how I use the idea in interpersonal conflict resolution.

As a Christian, it is important to be willing to hear criticisms and accept correction. So when someone comes and tells you that you have hurt them or done something wrong, it is important to listen to them and be willing to examine yourself. God wants to examine our hearts (see Psalm 139:23-24), and He often uses other people to help us see where we have gone wrong (see Proverbs 27:6). On the other hand, just because someone is upset with you or perceives that you have wronged them does not mean you have actually sinned. It is important to examine yourself in light of what scripture says. Second Timothy 3:16-17 says, "All Scripture is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good work." So we can and should use scripture to correct us and help us grow.

Therefore, both when examining ourselves and when considering correcting another person, we should look to scripture and ask, "Where is it written?" In other words, how have I specifically broken a command of God, either according to the letter of the law or the spirit of the law? Likewise, when we feel wronged by someone else or think they have sinned, we should try to be specific about how they sinned. We should think about what specifically happened and how that made us feel (it's a good idea to write it out), and then search the scriptures for how these actions, words, or attitudes violated specific principles and commandments that God has given us.

A good example of this can be found in an article by Rosaria Butterfield, where she identifies what she did wrong by going to scripture and referencing the specific commandment. She goes further and identifies the motives and why those were wrong. She also explains why she is making a public apology for a public sin.

Getting specific from scripture helps in a number of ways. First, when we have sinned, we cannot know what to apologize for or what to correct unless we know specifically what we have done. Therefore, identifying the specific wrong helps to correct it so it will not happen again. Second, it takes the burden away from the interpersonal conflict and helps us see that sin is first and foremost against our Creator and Judge. It is easy to get defensive when you believe that the offense is primarily against another imperfect human. You can look at their faults and fail to take your own wrongs seriously. But when you know that you have sinned against the perfect and holy God, you know you cannot use the excuse of being no worse than the other person (See Psalm 51:4 for David's example of repentance to God).

Third, sometimes we discover that, in fact, there is no sin for which we need to repent. People might feel bad or take offense for any number of reasons, and sometimes their emotions are directed at the wrong cause. Emotions tell us something about what is going on in us but are not very accurate indicators of the truth. Therefore, we need to examine them to discover what is causing them and whether our thoughts and feelings conform to the truth of scripture and the reality of the world around us.

If we ask, "Where stands it written?" before and during a conflict, we will more likely get to the truth of what is happening. Then rather than escalating it, we can either defuse it by discovering that no sin had taken place or resolve it by repentance and forgiveness for the specific wrongs done.

The Reason for Worship

The other day, I was listening to Coleman Hughes' podcast, "Conversations with Coleman," and he was interviewing, Samaneri Jayasāra, a Buddhist Nun. I have done a little study on Buddhism in the past, and I was curious to learn what more. Coleman is an atheist, but he often has interesting guest who deepen my understanding of the world. Furthermore, because he is not a Christian, he helps me to understand a different point of view. I like to see how he views life and how he handles day to day situations.

He had this particular guest on because meditation is one of the ways that he has attempted to deal with the stresses of life. Samaneri apparently teaches some of the practices of Buddhism on her youtube channel, including how to meditate. She has lots of people who watch her channel because like Coleman they have stresses or have not found peace in this world, and she appears to have found a path to contentment through her Buddhist practices.

I was curious to know if she came to some of the same conclusions that I had read and heard from other Buddhists, namely that the key to peace is to get rid of desire. Whenever you fight internal strife, you just identify what you are desiring and then deny the reality of your need for that thing. When you stop desiring things, you stop having discontentment, and you can feel peaceful. In fact Samaneri did promote such a view of the world, and in fact promoted a view that in fact nothing in the world is real. Once you realize that then your meditation becomes a practice of reminding yourself of the unreality of the things you desire.

Now I can see several real problems with this perspective. First, it calls people to deny their own experience. Yes, we often desire things that we cannot attain such as money, health, or fantasy relationships, but that does not mean all of reality is an illusion. The physical world is real. Your body is real. Relationships are real. In fact, we even seem to have an internal sense of the goodness and then the brokenness of things in the world. When we see a baby, a flower, a mountain, the stars, or a thunderhead, we see incredible beauty and have a desire to extol their beauty. The same goes for good tasting food, beautiful music, and love between a man and woman. Likewise, when we see good things used wrongly or abused, we are angered because we know that something has gone wrong with the goodness. Our internal nature seems to confirm both Genesis 1 where God calls His creation good, and Genesis 3, where the whole of creation was affected by sin. Buddhism seems to recognize the suffering caused by the brokenness in the world, and proposes the solution to deny the reality of both the bad and the good.

This leads to my second problem with Buddhism, namely that is it primarily a solution to a negative problem, namely suffering, but gives us no way to go toward or extol the good. Since there is no ultimate reality, Samaneri's form of Buddhism is like many forms, ultimately atheistic, in that they do not propose a higher being or reality to explain the good things of the world. Coleman is someone who also does not believe in a personal god, although I believe he comes at it more from a scientistic or naturalism mindset, so he also does not have anything higher that gives us a reason to believe that the beauty and goodness are real things beyond our personal experience of them. In other words, something beautiful or good is just relative to the experience of individual people, and does not conform to some higher or supernatural definition of good.

Now interestingly this actually agrees with a main point from the book of Ecclesiastes, namely that everything under the sun is meaningless or vanity. Buddhist, like atheist,like all of us have to deal with how to live at peace in our world, but they have limited their view of the world to "under the sun" or just to the natural world. Christians on the other hand, have resources to look for outside just the physical world, which is where the author of Ecclesiastes finally leads his readers too. We internally feel the need to worship or extol the goodness of good things, but when we try to find their ultimate reason inside the universe, we cannot find it. Therefore, it seems that we desire something that can only be explained by something outside the universe. C.S. Lewis said, “If we find ourselves with a desire that nothing in this world can satisfy, the most probable explanation is that we were made for another world.”

The solution then for the desires is to look beyond this world. The good things in this world have their origin and meaning outside this world in the very nature of God. Christians then do not need to deny reality and their own innate knowledge of goodness, rather we need to acknowledge its source. When we do we see that the goodness of creation leads of beyond creation. When we see that baby or mountain, or hear the beauty of a melody and harmony, or experience the look of love in your spouses eyes, we know that they are expressions of God's goodness. Our hearts turn to worship, not the creation, but the creator. And since His goodness and beauty are infinite, we will never in all of eternity grow weary of His goodness, like we often do of earthly pleasures. He grounds our desires in something, no someone, real, and the way to true peace and contentment is not to deny our desires, but to turn them toward God in worship.

I am find myself worshiping more and more as see the frailness of our world, and as I see my own need for fulfillment can only be met in Him. I not only worship by turning on music, but when I am biking and feel the muscles of my body being used or see the sunset, or when I look in the eyes of my wife and give her a kiss, or when I listen to my daughter ask a great question, or I hear my son's excitement about his first day of work. In any number of ways throughout my day, God reminds me of His goodness, and my heart turns to Him in thanks and adoration. I cannot image that the emptiness of Buddhist meditation can possibly bring the type of rich fulfillment that worship of the one true God and His son, Jesus Christ brings.

Multiverse, Aliens, but no God?

The following is a quote from Neil Shenvi's book, Why I Believe,

Yet, no matter how counterintuitive, shocking and bizarre the constructs of modern physics become, many in our culture continue to insist that whatever it portrays is "ordinary" while the supernatural is "extraordinary." We balk at the existence of immaterial realities but seem seriously unconcerned with the proliferation of ten-dimensional strings, parallel universes, closed-time loops, and nonlocal entanglement. You can even see this inconsistency in our science fiction, where magical plot devices are barely concealed by a thin patina of scientific jargon. The presence of actual angels or ghosts in Star Trek would be exceptionally jarring. But if the captain announces that a "hyperdimensional tachyon-based life-form has materialized on the bridge," we can suspend our disbelief. Why the disconnect?

 As a Sci-fi fan, I have had this same thought a number of times, while watching Star Trek, Stargate, or Fringe. Why are scientific-minded people willing to believe in the possibility of aliens & multiverses but not even consider the possibility of God?

I have theorized at least these two reasons for this skepticism. First, like Neil says, the God explanation sounds like magic or an appeal to an illogical "faith," whereas the other sounds scientific and they desire to think themselves logical and/or grounded in "reality" by which them mean physical things that they can feel and explain. Of course, the problem highlighted in these shows is that there are many areas of life that are not strictly physical and for which we do not yet have any good explanations, such as morality, origins or destiny. Thus the writers often propose sciency-sounding explanations that are far-fetched or that appeal to some long-forgotten or distant alien culture that knows more than us. I believe that for many scientifically minded people a possible naturalistic explanation, no matter how unlikely, is still better than proposing God might be involved because they believe that God is like Santa or the Tooth Fairy, namely a being that can do anything necessary to fill whatever gaps we have in our understanding. Having "faith" in this kind of God is indeed like magic with no need for evidence, and unfortunately, some Christians behave as if God does desire us to have this kind of faith in Him.

Christians should counter this by explaining that God as described in the Bible is not illogical, nor does He demand faith without evidence. In fact, even in Hebrews 11:1 where faith is described as "the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen," it is still not a faith based on no evidence. In fact, in each of the stories described in Hebrews 11, the individuals had evidence of God's existence and plan, but they still needed to trust Him for the future. All over the Bible, God encourages people to examine the evidence for the truth of who He is and even to compare Him to other gods to see that He is real. He points to the order of the universe as evidence for Himself. Many early Christian scientists believed in the order of the universe because they believed in a God of order who had created with a purpose. The writers of the Bible do understand that humans are limited and do not fully understand the spiritual realm, but they never describe it as chaos or a magical place without rules. Rather it is a place where we do not have access to all the information yet.

But should we fail to believe in something just because we cannot fully understand it yet? Why should a spiritual realm where there exist creatures with purpose and will, not at least be one of the options for helping to explain phenomenon here? I do not assume subatomic forces do not exist or are disordered just because I cannot explain them. Likewise, I do not assume God is capricious or random, just because I cannot yet explain all of His actions. 

Therefore, as Christians, I think we can and should undertake to help skeptics see their inconsistent thinking when they propose theories like aliens or multiverses which have no evidence and really do not have any explanatory power, and at the same time reject even the possibility of a supernatural realm. We can do this by reframing the biblical understanding of supernatural realm from a magical mystical place with no rules, to one which is like another dimension where there are rules, but ones that we cannot access yet.

Unfortunately, even if we could help skeptics reframe their understanding of the supernatural, many would likely still reject God as a possible explanation for anything, because of a second reason which is spiritual and psychological. If God exists, then He not only created the universe with order and purpose, but it also means He created humans with order and purpose. Therefore, if we really wanted to understand ourselves and how we should function in the world, we might have to figure out if God has told us anything about that. In other words, God's existence might impact our existence and how we live our lives. To live our best lives, we might have to learn from and obey someone other than ourselves. Often, people are either afraid of a bad authority, or they simply do not want anyone to be an authority over them. Very few skeptics are likely to admit this kind of psychological prejudice, but often in conversation, I have heard experienced a level of anger at God that seems completely unjustified if the skeptic really did not believe He existed. What about the possibility of God's existence would cause them to be so emotional toward Him or toward believers in God if they did not have some much more personal reasons to doubt His existence. 

The most vocal critics of any belief system are those who have been hurt within that system, and if you hear the personal stories of many skeptics, you will hear many such stories. I am not suggesting that person hurt is the only reason for disbelief, any more than the only rationale for believing is psychological benefit, but it is clear that personal experiences play a large role in determining what we explanations we might accept as possible. 

In conversations with skeptics, Christians can help overcome this barrier in two ways. First, to be transparent about our own biases. If personal experience, such as dreams or some fantastic worship time, is one of the reasons we believe, we need to admit that. If God is real, than having such an experience should not be discounted, but that sort of evidence is not transferable to others, so we should be willing to also have and be willing to discuss other reasons to believe, which is exactly what Shenvi is doing in his book. If we can admit our biases and bring more neutral evidence, we can perhaps help the skeptic to be willing to examine their personal biases and how those might influence their conclusions. 

Knowing these reasons or any others for why someone might not consider believing in God will not necessarily overcome someone's disbelief, but they might help us further the conversation. If we think of sharing our beliefs with someone as gardening or farming, which is a metaphor the Bible uses, then we might simply be tilling the soil making it possible for someone to later on consider believing in Jesus. Ultimately God uses many different means to draw people to Himself, and the more we learn about the world, ourselves, and other people will help us to be available to be one of the tools God uses in the lives of others.